Identification of Protein Changes in the Urine of Hypothyroid Patients Treated with Thyroxine Using Proteomics Approach

The thyroid gland and hormones control a multitude of homeostatic functions including maintenance fluid electrolyte balance normal functioning the kidneys. Thyroid dysfunction alters sytemic hemodynamic metabolic balance, thereby affecting kidney. In this study, we aimed to identify characterize urinary proteome patients with hypothyroidism. An untargeted proteomic approach network analysis was used changes in total newly diagnosed overt Urine samples were collected from nine age-matched patients’ before after l-thyroxine treatment. Differences abundance proteins between hypothyroid euthyroid states determined using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometry. Alterations proteins, analyzed by Progenesis software, revealed statistically significant differential 49 spots corresponding 42 28 up 14 down (?1.5-fold change, variance (ANOVA), p ? 0.05). identified study are known regulate processes related transport, acute phase response, oxidative stress, generation reactive oxygen species, cellular proliferation, endocytosis. Bioinformatic Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) dysregulation pathways amino acid metabolism, molecular small-molecule biochemistry involved MAPK kinase, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PI3 kinase/Akt, protein kinase C (PKC), signaling pathways. regulation thyroglobulin (Tg) thyrotropin (TSH) metabolism. their levels indicate presence compensatory mechanism at increasing Tg state.